In This Project
- We try to make prototype of Metro Trains.
- We use 8051 as CPU.
- The motion of Train is controlled by a DC Motor.
- The motion of opening and closing of door is controlled by Stepper Motor.
- LCD Display of 2*16 characters is used for displaying messages in the train.
- The stoppage time at a station is taken to be 3 seconds.
- The time taken by train between two consecutive stations is taken as 6 seconds.
Working Of Metro Train Prototype With 8051 Project:
When the power is turned on a message (“welcome “) is displayed on LCD. Then a message “Current station is New Delhi” is displayed and door is opened. After some delay the door is closed and car is started to move forward. A message “current station is New Delhi” is displayed also on LCD. After some time a message indicating the next station is displayed “next station is NOIDA SECT 15”. After some time the train stops and a message “current station is NOIDA SECT 15” is displayed. This process is continued for five stations. In the end a message “End of line” is displayed on LCD. This whole process is repeated until we turned off the power supply.
Basic Components
- Power Supply
- AT89C51 IC
- LCD (16×2)
- ULN2003
- L293D
- Stepper Motor
- DC Motor
Why we use ULN2003 and L293D ?
- ULN2003 is used to drive the Stepper Motor and L293D is used to drive the DC Motors.
- Stepper and DC motors work on 12v and controller work on 5v ,so ULN2003 and L293D convert level from 5v to 12v.
- ULN2003 and L293D also protect micro controller pin from back emf of motors.
1. Circuit Diagram of Metro Train Prototype with 8051
1. Program of Metro Train Prototype with 8051
/******************************************************
www.firmcodes.com
DEVELOPED BY:- FIRMWARE DEVELOPER
WHAT PROGRAM DO:- Program of Metro Train Prototype on lcd
******************************************************/
#include<reg51.h>
#include"delay.h"
#include"motor.h"
#include"lcd.h"
void main()
{
lcd_ini(); // initilize lcd
lcd_str(" WELCOME"); // display "WELCOME" on lcd
delay_fv(500,500); // halt for some time
while(1)
{
cmd(0x01); // clear lcd
lcd_str(" CURRENT STATION:"); // display "CURRENT STATION" on lcd
cmd(0xc0); // next line command for lcd
lcd_str(" NEW DELHI"); // display "NEW DELHI" on lcd
delay_fv(500,500); // hault for some time
stepper_motor(); // opening and closing of door
delay_fv(300,1000); // hault for some time
cmd(0x01); // clear lcd
lcd_str(" NEXT STATION:"); // display "NEXT STATION" on lcd
cmd(0xc0); // next line command for lcd
lcd_str(" NOIDA SECT.15"); // display "NOIDA SECT.15" on lcd
delay_fv(500,500); // hault for some time
gear_motor(1,1); // move metro train forward
cmd(0x01); // clear lcd
lcd_str(" CURRENT STATION:"); // display "CURRENT STATION" on lcd
cmd(0xc0); // next line command for lcd
lcd_str(" NOIDA SECT.15"); // display "NOIDA SECT.15" on lcd
gear_motor(1,0); // stop metro train
delay_fv(500,500); // hault for some time
stepper_motor(); // open and close the door of metro train
delay_fv(500,500); // hault for some time
cmd(0x01); // clear lcd
lcd_str(" NEXT STATION:"); // display "NEXT STATION" on lcd
cmd(0xc0); // next line command for lcd
lcd_str(" FARIDABAD"); // display "FARIDABAD" on lcd
delay_fv(500,500); // hault for some time
gear_motor(1,1); // move metro train forward
cmd(0x01); // clear lcd
lcd_str(" CURRENT STATION:"); // display "CURRENT STATION" on lcd
cmd(0xc0); // next line command for lcd
lcd_str(" FARIDABAD"); // display "FARIDABAD" on lcd
gear_motor(1,0); // stop metro train
delay_fv(500,500); // hault for some time
stepper_motor(); // open and close the door of metro train
delay_fv(500,500); // hault for some time
cmd(0x01);
lcd_str(" NEXT STATION:");
cmd(0xc0);
lcd_str(" NEW TOWN");
delay_fv(500,500);
gear_motor(1,1);
cmd(0x01);
lcd_str(" CURRENT STATION:");
cmd(0xc0);
lcd_str(" NEW TOWN");
gear_motor(1,0);
delay_fv(500,500);
stepper_motor();
delay_fv(500,500);
cmd(0x01);
lcd_str(" END OF LINE");
delay_fv(500,500);
}
}
lcd.h
sbit rs=P1^0;
sbit rw=P1^1;
sbit en=P1^2;
sfr lcd=0x80;
void lcd_display(unsigned int x) // lcd display fuction
{
unsigned int i;
lcd=x;
rs=1;
rw=0;
en=1;
for(i=0;i<100;i++);
en=0;
}
void cmd(unsigned char m) // lcd command fuction
{
unsigned int i;
lcd=m;
rs=0;
rw=0;
en=1;
for(i=0;i<10;i++);
en=0;
}
void lcd_ini() // lcd initilize
{
cmd(0x38);
cmd(0x0e);
cmd(0x01);
cmd(0x06);
cmd(0x90);
}
void lcd_str(unsigned char *str) // display string on lcd
{
while(*str!='\0')
{
lcd_display(*str);
str++;
}
}
motor.h
sbit a1=P2^0;
sbit a2=P2^1;
sbit a3=P2^2;
sbit a4=P2^3;
sbit m11=P2^4;
sbit m12=P2^5;
sbit m21=P2^6;
sbit m22=P2^7;
void stepper_motor()
{
unsigned int i;
for(i=0;i<5;i++) // forward direction
{
a2=a3=a4=0;
a1=1;
delay_ff();
a1=a3=a4=0;
a2=1;
delay_ff();
a1=a2=a4=0;
a3=1;
delay_ff();
a1=a2=a3=0;
a4=1;
delay_ff();
}
delay_fv(1000,100);
for(i=0;i<5;i++) // reverse direction
{
a2=a3=a1=0;
a4=1;
delay_ff();
a1=a2=a4=0;
a3=1;
delay_ff();
a1=a3=a4=0;
a2=1;
delay_ff();
a4=a2=a3=0;
a1=1;
delay_ff();
}
}
void gear_motor( int p,int q)
{
if(p==1 && q==1) // forward motion of train
{
m11=1;
m12=0;
m21=1;
m22=0;
delay_fv(500,1000);
}
else if(p=0 && q==1) // train stop
{
m11=0;
m12=0;
m21=0;
m22=0;
delay_fv(100,1000);
}
else if(p=1 && q==0) // train stop
{
m11=0;
m12=0;
m21=0;
m22=0;
delay_fv(100,1000);
}
else if(p==0 && q==0) // backward motion of train
{
m11=0;
m12=1;
m21=0;
m22=1;
delay_fv(100,1000);
}
}
delay.h
void delay_ff() // full fixed delay
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<110;i++)
for(j=0;j<153;j++);
}
void delay_pf(unsigned int x) // partially variable delay
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<x;i++)
for(j=0;j<153;j++);
}
void delay_fv(unsigned int x,y) // fully variable delay
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<x;i++)
for(j=0;j<y;j++);
}
PROTEUS File for SIMULATION(Password Of RAR file is :-firmcodes.com)
Comming Soon…